Fault tolerant mechanism to handle initial load of replicated object in live system

ABSTRACT

An automatic initial data load to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in an asynchronous replication group includes: initiating a data load of the new table copy; creating spill queue(s) at the new table copy; loading the data from a source table copy to the new table copy, where changes for the active table copies are applied during the loading, but changes to the new table copy are stored in a spill storage area; applying the changes in the spill storage area to the new table copy after the loading of the data is done; and removing the spill storage area after the changes have been applied to the new table copy. Thus, a new table copy is initialized into the replication group without requiring that replication be suspended at the source or any of the existing table copies during the initializing process.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to database systems, and more particularly to the initial load of a new table copy in the asynchronous replication of databases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known in the art that asynchronous transactional replication can be used to maintain one or more copies of a source object (for example, a relational table managed by a relational database management system, but can also be stored procedures calls or other objects managed by the database). The source table copies are updated through ACID transactions (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability), modifying one or more source tables. Typically in a relational database, changes made by transactions are written to a file called the recovery log before they are applied on the actual tables. This ensures that the tables are updated even in the eventuality of a hardware or software failure.

A typical replication solution has a capture program (“Capture”) and an apply program (“Apply”) at each node. Capture reads changes of committed transactions from the recovery log at a source node and sends them to Apply running on a target node. The target node then re-executes the changes of the transactions. By re-executing transaction changes on the target node, this solution guarantees that the target table copies are always a valid image of the source table copy, even though the images may lag behind in time, because of the time required to propagate and apply the changes.

When a new table copy is to be added to an existing replication group where table changes are replicated/grouped in their original transaction, the new table copy must first be initialized and loaded with the current data in the replication group before participating in the asynchronous replication. One conventional approach to the initialization of the new table copy is to assume that the user performs the initial load. The replication software is then started once the load is over. This requires that changes to the table copy being loaded must be suspended at the source table and the other table copies. Another conventional approach allows the source table to be modified during the load, but suspends application of changes for the other active table copies in the replication group until the completion of the load process. Since a load process can take a long time, this interruption of the replication service is significant.

Accordingly, there exist a need for a method and system for an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies. The method and system should not require that replication be suspended at the source or any of the existing table copies during the load process. The present invention addresses such a need.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An automatic initial data load to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in an asynchronous replication group includes: initiating a data load of the new table copy; creating a spill storage area at the new table copy; loading the data from a source table copy to the new table copy, where changes for the active table copies are applied during the loading, but changes to the new table copy are stored in the spill storage area; applying the changes in the spill storage area to the new table copy after the loading of the data is done; and removing the spill storage area after the changes in the spill queue(s) have been applied to the new table copy. Thus, a new table copy is initialized into the replication group without requiring that replication be suspended at the source or any of the existing table copies during the initializing process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system for an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating in more detail the embodiment of the method for an internally controlled initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in accordance with the present invention.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are sequence diagrams illustrating the various message, signals, and ITC message exchanged between Capture and Apply and between the various threads of Apply in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides a method and system for an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies. The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiment will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art and the generic principles herein may be applied to other embodiments. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiment shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein.

To more particularly describe the features of the present invention, please refer to FIGS. 1 through 5 in conjunction with the discussion below.

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system for an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in accordance with the present invention. The system includes a source database 101 and a target database 110. Changes to table copies at the source database 101 are recorded in the recovery log 102. At the source database 101 is a Capture program 103 (“Capture”), which reads changes of transactions from the recovery log 102 and publishes them onto an unidirectional persistent message queue called the “transaction queue” 106. At the target database 110 is an Apply program 107 (“Apply”), which dequeues those message and re-plays the changes of these transactions contained in the messages onto the target database 110. Capture 103 and Apply 107 communicate through asynchronous messages and don't assume that the other program is running. Apply 107 can communicate back to Capture 103 using an “administration queue” 105.

Each replicated table copy is “subscribed” to Capture 103 and Apply 107 so that these programs know the name of the source table copy, target table copy, message queue to use, and the status of the replication (not replicating, replicating, loading). This meta data called a “subscription” can be saved into database tables both at the source database 101 and at the target database 110. All table changes sent over the same queue are grouped in their original transaction.

In this embodiment, Apply 107 can read from multiple queues assuming that each queue is coming from a different source database and tries to re-apply non-dependent transactions in parallel when possible. A transaction is dependent on another if the transactions modify the same row in a table. Apply 107 has one thread per incoming queue called a “browser” thread 108. The browser thread 108 reads incoming messages, performs transaction dependency analysis, and hands over the transactions eligible to be applied to a pool of threads called the “agent” threads 109. An agent thread 109 takes ownership of a transaction free of any dependencies on earlier transactions to be applied, and applies the changes of the transaction on the target database 110 to modify the target table copies. The browser thread 108 makes a transaction eligible to be applied by reporting them in an internal data structure called the “work queue” (not shown), which is a FIFO (first in first out) list. The agent threads 109 give back transactions that have been successfully applied to the browser thread 108 using a similar FIFO list called the “done queue” (not shown).

Commands, such as start/stop capturing changes for a given table copy, are sent to Capture 103 using signals. A signal is a row inserted into a special table called the “signal table”. It specifies an action (such as start capturing changes, stop capturing changes), and a target subscription. Capture 103 monitors any row inserted into the signal table by looking at the recovery log 102. This allows commands to be sent to Capture 103 that are synchronous to the changes occurring to the database. At a given point in time, changes read from the recovery log 102 are lagging behind the current time.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in accordance with the present invention. First, the load of a new table copy is initiated at a source table copy, via step 201. Any of the active table copies in the replication group can be designated as the source table copy. One or more spill queues 111 are then created at the new table copy, via step 202. In this embodiment, one spill queue is created for each table copy. However, multiple spill queues could be created for multiple table copies. The data is then loaded from the source table copy to the new table copy, where changes for the active table copies in the replication group are applied to the active table copies, but changes for the new table copy are stored on the spill queue 111, via step 203. Once the loading of data to the new table copy is done, the changes in the spill queue 111 are applied to the new table copy, via step 204. Once all changes in the spill queue 111 have been applied, the spill queue 111 is removed, via step 205.

In this embodiment, the loading of the data is performed by a load utility. The load utility can either be automatically called by Apply 107 when a new table copy subscription is activated (called an “internal load”) or manually by an administrator (called an “external load”). If the loading of data is managed by Apply 107, the load utility can run in another thread of execution to let Apply 107 process changes for the other tables.

In this embodiment, the following signals are used during the load of data:

-   -   CAPSTART: start capturing changes for a given table;     -   LOAD DONE: load utility for a given table has completed.

In this embodiment, the following messages are exchanged between Capture 103 and Apply 107 via the administrative queue 105:

-   -   SCHEMA: changes have started to be captured by Capture 103 for a         specific subscription (sent from Capture 103 to Apply 107);     -   TRANSACTION: message containing row changes for one or more         table copies, corresponding to the changes of a transaction as         executed at the source database 101 (sent from Capture 103 to         Apply 107);     -   LOAD DONE: message indicating the completion of the load utility         (when sent from Apply 107 to Capture 103) or acknowledging the         completion of the load utility (when sent from Capture 103 to         Apply 107) for a specific subscription;     -   SPILLED ROW: row change for an individual table copy, used by         Apply 107 to store changes that occurred during the loading of         data. Such messages are inserted and read from the spill queues         111.

In this embodiment, Capture 103 and Apply 107 use specific states to remember the stage of the data load. These states allow the protocol to resume in case of shutdown or crash instead of restarting from scratch.

Table 1 illustrates the states used by Capture 103 for a given table copy being replicated: TABLE 1 State Name Meaning INACTIVE No changes are captured for this table (initial state) LOADING A load utility is being used to copy the source table copy's current state to the target table copy, changes are captured and sent. ACTIVE Changes are captured and sent.

Table 2 illustrates the states used by Apply 107 for a given table copy being replicated: TABLE 2 State Name Meaning INACTIVE No changes are applied for this table (initial state) EXTERNAL_LOADING Load utility is runnin, load utility is not controlled by Apply INTERNAL_LOADING Load utility is running, load utility is controlled by Apply LOAD_UTILITY_DONE Load utility has completed and Apply is ready to send LOADDONE message to Capture (internal load only) LOAD_FINISHING Applying changes from spill queues TERMINATING Stop applying changes because of an error ACTIVE Table loaded, changes are applied directly to it

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating in more detail the embodiment of the method for an internally controlled initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies in accordance with the present invention. First, Capture 103 at the source table copy sees the CAPSTART signal, via step 301, in its signal table. Capture 103 then sends a SCHEMA message to Apply 107 at the new table copy, via step 302. The SCHEMA message contains information about the source table copy and how changes will be encoded. At this point, Capture 103 changes the state for the new table copy's subscription from INACTIVE to LOADING. In this embodiment, this state change is synchronized with the sending of the SCHEMA message to avoid an inconsistent state in case Capture 103 shuts down or crashes.

Apply 107 at the new table copy receives the SCHEMA message from Capture 103, via step 303. Apply 107 then processes the SCHEMA message and invokes the load utility, if an internal load is specified in the SCHEMA message, to start copying the data in the source table copy to the new table copy, via step 304. Apply 107 also creates one spill queue 111 to accumulate and store the incoming changes for the new table copy for the duration of the data load. In this embodiment, the spill queues 111 are persistent queues, and one spill queue is created for each loading table copy in the replication group. Actions taken upon reception of the SCHEMA message are synchronized with a state change from INACTIVE to EXTERNAL_LOADING or INTERNAL_LOADING, depending on the type of load specified in the SCHEMA message.

The data from the source table copy is then loaded into the new table copy until done, via step 305. Changes in incoming transactions for already active table copies are applied to the active table copies. However, changes in incoming transactions for the new table copy are stored in the spill queues 111. In other words, no changes by user applications are applied against the new table copy during the time the load utility runs, but changes against existing active table copies are applied. Thus, replication between the active table copies in the replication group are not suspended during the data load for the new table copy.

When the load utility completes for an internal load, Apply 107 sends a LOAD DONE message to Capture 103 at the source table copy over the administration queue 105, via step 306. At this point, Apply 107 also changes its subscription state for the new table copy to LOAD_UTILITY_DONE. This is so that in the case of a restart, the load utility is not run again.

When Capture 103 at the source table copy receives the LOAD DONE message, it changes its sending mode to include before/unchanged values if the user selects this option. This guarantees that Capture 103 changes its policy after it has processed all the changes that occurred before the load utility completed, as described further later in this specification. Capture 103 also tags changes to rows if they occurred before the LOAD DONE message was received. In the case of an external load, a user or an external program inserts a LOAD DONE signal directly into Capture's signal table. Capture 103, upon seeing the LOAD DONE signal, sends back to Apply 107 the LOAD DONE message, via step 307, and changes its policies. When Apply 107 receives the LOAD DONE message, it can start applying the changes stored in the spill queues 111. Capture 107 also changes its subscription state for the new table copy from LOADING to ACTIVE, synchronized with the sending of the LOAD DONE message back to Apply 107.

Apply 107 at the new table copy next receives the LOAD DONE message from Capture 103 at the source table copy, via step 308, and starts the spill agent thread, and changes its subscription state to LOAD_FINISHING. The spill agent thread is responsible for processing the row changes stored in the spill queues 111. A possible optimization in case of an internal load is to reuse the thread used to run the load utility to be the spill agent thread. Also in the case of an internal load, the spill queue 111 can be processed as soon as the LOAD DONE message is sent to Capture 103.

The spill agent thread then processes the row changes stored in the spill queues 111, via step 309. Changes occurring to the same row of a given table copy are re-executed at the new table copy in the same order so that the same result is produced, although changes for different rows inserted into the spill queues 111 may not be in their source order because of the parallel nature of Apply 107. During the processing, Apply 107 performs dependency analysis between row changes in order to guarantee that a later change for a given row is spilled after any earlier change. This order is preserved even for changes occurring after the LOAD DONE message. Row changes received subsequent to the LOAD DONE message continues to be inserted into the spill queue instead of being applied directly to the new table copy.

Also during processing, Apply 107 detects and resolves any conflicting changes. Recall from above that no changes by user applications are allowed against the new table copy during the time the load utility ran. However, because the load utility ran while changes were occurring at the source table copy, the result of some of these changes could have been copied by the load utility. This would create conflicts when Apply 107 re-executes these changes from the spill queues 111 that occurred while the load utility was running. In this embodiment, Apply 107 tolerates the following conflicts:

-   -   Row not found when replicating a delete (the load utility didn't         copy the row because it was already deleted);     -   Row not found when replicating an update (the row might have         been deleted or modified before being seen by the load utility);     -   Row already there when performing an insert (change already         copied by the load utility);     -   Old row not there and/or new row already there, in case of a key         update change.

Alternatively, Apply 107 can resolve conflicts in the following way:

-   -   ignoring a change to a row not found when replicating a delete;     -   transforming a conflicting update into a row insert when the row         is not found;     -   transforming a conflicting insert into an update when the row is         present.

When the spill agent thread reaches the last change on the spill queues 111, it sends an Inter Thread Communication (ITC) message to the browser thread 108 called SPILLQ_EMPTY and waits for a response or for other row(s) to be inserted into the spill queue 111, via step 310. If other rows are inserted into the spill queue 111, the spill agent thread processes them and sends the same ITC message once the spill queue becomes empty again. The browser thread 108 keeps track of the in-flight transactions. Once the oldest running transaction is older than the most recent one when the LOAD DONE message was received, i.e., all in-flight transactions before the LOAD DONE message have been processed, the browser thread 108 sends a SPILL_FINAL ITC message to the spill agent thread, via step 311. This message tells the spill agent thread that it can safety delete its spill queue 111 when it is empty. The spill agent thread then empties and deletes the spill queues 111, via step 312, and sends a SPILL_DONE message and terminates. The browser thread 108 receives the SPILL_DONE message and deletes the LOAD DONE message, via step 313, and changes the state of the subscription to ACTIVE. At this point, the initial data load process for the new table copy is completed. The reason for the browser to wait till all in-flight transactions that came before the LOAD DONE message are applied is to guarantee that all changes tagged as being captured before the LOAD DONE are handled by the spill agent with the previously mentioned conflict handling rules. Other ways of tracking the tagged transactions can be used. For example, a counter could be used, where the counter is incremented each time a row arrives, and decremented once it has been spilled (in addition to checking that the LOAD DONE message has been seen).

According to the present invention, the messages for the changes in the spill queues 111 are deleted (FIG. 3, step 312) in the same transaction as the database changes they induce. One technique to accomplish this is a two-phase commit, where the process managing the spill queues 111 and the database process synchronize their commits. However, in some cases where high throughput and low latency needs to be achieved, the two-phase commit protocol may become a performance bottleneck. Thus, in this embodiment of the present invention, instead of using the two-phase commit protocol, Apply 107 uses some specific database tables to store reliably temporary information:

-   -   DoneMsg: This table is used to remember the message identifier         (or msgid) of the message that has been processed. This table         contains two columns: the queue name and the message identifier.     -   SpilledRows: This table is used to keep track of the transaction         row that has been spilled. If a message is present in the spill         queues 111, but doesn't have an entry in the SpilledRows table,         it means Apply 107 has shut down in the middle of its         processing. Only messages from the spill queues 111 with a         corresponding entry in the SpilledRows table are applied to the         new table copy. This table contains two columns: the spill queue         name and the message identifier in the spill queue 111.

The following is an example algorithm for the application of transactions by Apply 107: //apply trans: for each row in trans   if (row.sub.state == loading)     rowsHave BeenSpilled = true     msgid = MQPUT (spillq, row)     //means insert a message into a spill queue of     //table     if spill queue gone       apply (row)     else       INSERT INTO SpilledRow VALUES       (row.sub.spillq.name, msgid)     endif   else     //replay the change represented by this row     apply (row)  endif endloop //Commit spill queue: if (rowsHave BeenSpilled)   MQCMT //means commit the change to all queues endif //Log recovery info: for each msgOfTrans   INSERT INTO DoneMsg (qname, mqmsgid, msgseq)     values (this.recvq, mqmsgid,msqseq) endloop DBCMT //means commit changes to all database tables

A transaction from the source table copy may be broken into multiple messages. In such a case, an agent thread 109 doesn't process the transaction until all the messages composing this transaction have arrived. Once a msgid has been inserted and committed into the DoneMsg table, it can be safely deleted from the receive queue, either by the agent itself or by a background process.

In the case where a background process is used, the browser thread 108 needs to make sure all processed messages are deleted before it starts processing messages from the queue.

The following is an example algorithm for the spill agent in processing each row from the spill queue: messageId (messageId, row) = MQGET_Destructive (spillq)   //MQGET means read a message from a queue DELETE FROM SpilledRows WHERE qname = spillq   AND msgid = messageId if (noRowFound) then   //ignore this row change else   apply (row)   if (conflictOnApply)     if (row.beforeLoadDone)       forceTheChange     else       executeConflictHandling (row, sub)     endif   endif ... if timeToCommit( ) then   //typically multiple rows are batched per commit   DBCMT //means commit changes to all database tables   MQCMT //means commit the change to all queues endif

In this algorithm, because the apply agent inserting into the SpilledRows table will hold an exclusive lock on the inserted row from the time of the insert (i.e., before MQCMT), if the apply agent does a MQCMT, the spill agent will be able to see the spilled row message in the SPILLQ doing a MQGET. Before the apply agent does the DBCMT, the spill agent will wait on the exclusively locked row until the apply agent commits. The spill agent will remove ‘orphan’ spill row messages. This mechanism ensures that (1) a spilled row is applied once and only once, and (2) a spilled row can't be applied before the rest of the transaction it belonged to is committed.

In the case where the new table copy has been partially loaded, or replication has momentarily been stopped, it could be possible to use a special load utility to analyze the differences between the source table copy and the new table copy, and to transfer only the missing and different rows (as well as deleting rows existing only at the new table copy). The spilling of changes would remain as described above. This would lead to a faster load period because less data is moved between the source table copy and the new table copy.

Although the embodiment of the present invention is described above with the load initiated by a user or by Apply, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that other means of initiating the load can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, Capture 103 can spawn a special load thread that reads all rows from the source table copy using a SQL cursor, and sends those changes in special messages over the transaction queue 106 or a dedicated queue. Apply 107 would read those changes and hand them over to the agent threads 109 or dedicated loading threads. No transaction dependency analysis would be required for those changes that are only inserts. One advantage of this method is to not required a separate load utility or connectivity other than the queue between the source table copy and the new table copy. The rest of the spill queue handling and load handle would remain as described above.

In the case where a load utility supports a semantic such as “load all changes till a given point in the log file”, the following variations are possible. Capture 103 stores the point in the recovery log 102 to which the load utility will go. Here, Apply 107 doesn't need to create a local spill queue. Instead, once the load utility has completed, Capture 103 could create a special thread reading from the given point in the recovery log to a special queue from which the Apply spill agent could read directly. Once the special catch-up thread in Capture 103 has caught up with the mainline thread, it can stop itself and let the mainline thread send changes for the new table copy as part of their original transactions. At Apply 107, the mechanism to stop processing the spill queue remains as described above. This method is more space efficient because changes occurring during the load do not need to be stored on the target server.

The embodiment of the present invention is described above as adding a new replication subscription/new table copy to a replication group, where some table copies are already being replicated. However, in some circumstances, a group of table copies start to be replicated at the same time or even a whole database. In such a case, the following techniques could be applied in addition to the above to improve system resource usage and overall performance:

-   -   If all table copies for a given browser thread are loaded at the         same time or don't have a load phase, individual spill queues         are not needed. The main transaction queue could be uses to         delay applying transactions before all the load utilities (or         one load utility loading all the table copies at the same time)         have completed. Having a way to suspend Capture 103 would avoid         filling up the transaction queue.     -   Schedule the load so that they don't all occur at the same time         by:         -   using a special FIFO list of subscriptions to be loaded and             by pooling of spill agents of a fixed number of threads             which are reused as soon as they have finished loading a             special target table copy. Such list can be maintained in             Capture 103. The list waits for a special messages from             Apply 107 before sending a SCHEMA message for the next             subscription to activate. This list could also be maintained             in Apply 107 by using a special state for subscriptions that             are ready but have not yet started to be loaded;         -   Apply 107 can consider loading in parallel only a given             number of subscriptions. In such case it records the schema             messages it has seen for the additional subscriptions once             the maximum number of parallel loading subscription has been             reached. SCHEMA messages are not consumed. As spill agents             complete the additional SCHEMA messages can be consumed;         -   Another control mechanism can be the maximum number of rows             that can be loaded in parallel. Before starting the load             operation, Apply 107 gets an estimate of the number of rows             to be loaded by connecting to the source system. The load             operation will be started only if the row estimate plus the             number of rows already being loaded is less than the             maximum.     -   All the above techniques can themselves be combined.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are sequence diagrams illustrating the various message, signals, and ITC message exchanged between Capture and Apply and between the various threads of Apply in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 4 is the sequence diagram for an internal load, while FIG. 5 is the sequence diagram for an external load.

A method and system for an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently with active replication to existing table copies have been disclosed. The method and system includes: initiating a data load of the new table copy; creating a spill storage area at the new table copy; loading the data from a source table copy to the new table copy, where changes for the active table copies are applied during the loading, but changes to the new table copy are stored in the spill storage area; applying the changes in the spill storage area to the new table copy after the loading of the data is done; and removing the spill storage area after the changes in the spill queue(s) have been applied to the new table copy. Thus, a new table copy is initialized into the replication group without requiring that replication be suspended at the source or any of the existing table copies during the initializing process.

Although the present invention has been described in accordance with the embodiments shown, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that there could be variations to the embodiments and those variations would be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. 

1. A method for providing an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently both with user changes to a source table copy to the new table copy and with active replication to existing table copies in an asynchronous replication group, comprising: (a) creating a spill storage area at the new table copy; (b) loading the data from the source table copy to the new table copy, wherein changes are applied to the active table copies during the loading, wherein changes to the new table copy are stored in spill storage area during the loading; and (c) applying the changes in the spill storage area to the new table copy after the loading of the data is done.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to the creating (a) comprises: (a1) seeing a start signal at the source table copy; (a2) sending a schema message from the source table copy to the new table copy; and (a3) changing a state for a new table copy subscription at the source table copy from inactive to loading.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the creating (a) comprises: (a1) receiving a schema message at the new table copy; (a2) invoking a load utility at the new table copy, if the data load is an internal data load; and (a3) creating the spill storage area.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the creating (a) further comprises: (a4) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the new table copy from “inactive” to “internal loading”, if the data load is an internal data load; and (a5) changing the state of the new table copy subscription at the new table copy from “inactive” to “external loading”, if the data load is an external data load.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the loading (ch) comprises: (b1) loading the data from the source table copy to the new table copy; (b2) applying the changes for the active table copies to the active table copies during the data load; (b3) storing the changes for the new table copy in the spill storage area during the data load; and (b4) sending a load done message from the new table copy to the source table copy after the data load is done, if the data load is an internal load.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the loading (ch) further comprises: (b5) receiving the load done message at the source table copy; (b6) sending the load done message back to the new table copy; and (b7) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the source table copy from “loading” to “active”.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the loading (ch) further comprises: (b8) tagging the changes for the new table copy that occur before the load done message is received at the source table copy.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying (c) comprises: (c1) receiving a load done message at the new table copy; (c2) starting a spill agent thread at the new table copy; (c3) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the new table copy to “load finishing”; and (c4) processing the changes stored in the at least one spill queue by the spill agent thread.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein for an internal data load, a thread used to load the data is reused as the spill agent thread.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the processing (c4) comprises: (c4i) re-executing the changes to a same row at the new table copy in a same order as at the source table copy; (c4ii) identifying and resolving dependencies between the changes to the same row; and (c4iii)detecting and resolving conflicts between the changes to the same row.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the re-executing (c4i) comprises: (c4iA) deleting the re-executed change from the spill storage area in a same transaction as the re-execution.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the deleting (c4iA) is performed with a two-phase commit protocol.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the deleting (c4iA) comprises: (c4iA(I)) storing a message identifier for the re-executed change at the new table copy, wherein upon a restart of the data load at the new table copy, only changes from the spill storage area without a corresponding stored message identifier are applied to the new table copy.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the detecting and resolving (c4iii) comprises: (c4iiiA) ignoring a change to a row not found in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting row delete; (c4iiiB) ignoring a change to a row not found in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting row update; (c4iiiC) ignoring a change to a row in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting row insert; and (c4iiiD) ignoring a change to an old row not found or a new row found in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting key update.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the detecting and resolving (c4iii) comprises: (c4iiiA) ignoring a missing row in the new table copy when re-executing a row delete; (c4iiiB) transforming a re-execution of an update into a row insert when a row in the new table copy is missing; and (c4iiiC) transforming a re-execution of an insert into an update when a row in the new table copy already exists.
 16. The method of claim 36, wherein the removing (ed) comprises: (d1) sending a spill queue empty message by a spill agent thread at the new table copy when the spill agent thread reaches a last change on the spill storage area; (d2) determining by a browser thread at the new table copy that an oldest running transaction at the new table copy is older than a most recent transaction when a load done message was received at the source table copy; (d3) sending a spill final message from the browser thread to the spill agent thread; and (d4) deleting the spill storage area when emptied by the spill agent thread.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the removing (ed) further comprises: (d5) sending a spill done message by the spill agent thread to the browser thread; (d6) terminating the spill agent thread; (d7) receiving the spill done message by the browser thread; and (d8) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the new table copy to “active”.
 18. A computer readable medium with program instructions for providing an automatic initial load of data to a new table copy concurrently both with user changes to a source table copy to the new table copy and with active replication to existing table copies in an asynchronous replication group, comprising: (a) creating a spill storage area at the new table copy; (b) loading the data from the source table copy to the new table copy, wherein changes are applied to the active table copies during the loading, wherein changes to the new table copy are stored in the spill storage area during the loading; and (c) applying the changes in the spill storage area to the new table copy after the loading of the data is done.
 19. The medium of claim 18, wherein prior to the creating (a) comprises: (a1) seeing a start signal at the source table copy; (a2) sending a schema message from the source table copy to the new table copy; and (a3) changing a state for a new table copy subscription at the source table copy from inactive to loading.
 20. The medium of claim 18, wherein the creating (ba) comprises: (a1) receiving a schema message at the new table copy; (a2) invoking a load utility at the new table copy, if the data load is an internal data load; and (a3) creating the spill storage area.
 21. The medium of claim 20, wherein the creating (a) further comprises: (a4) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the new table copy from “inactive” to “internal loading”, if the data load is an internal data load; and (a5) changing the state of the new table copy subscription at the new table copy from “inactive” to “external loading”, if the data load is an external data load.
 22. The medium of claim 18, wherein the loading (ch) comprises: (b1) loading the data from the source table copy to the new table copy; (b2) applying the changes for the active table copies to the active table copies during the data load; (b3) storing the changes for the new table copy in the spill storage area during the data load; and (b4) sending a load done message from the new table copy to the source table copy after the data load is done, if the data load is an internal load.
 23. The medium of claim 22, wherein the loading (b) further comprises: (b5) receiving the load done message at the source table copy; (b6) sending the load done message back to the new table copy; and (b7) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the source table copy from “loading” to “active”.
 24. The medium of claim 23, wherein the loading (b) further comprises: (b8) tagging the changes for the new table copy that occurs before the load done message is received at the source table copy.
 25. The medium of claim 18, wherein the applying (c) comprises: (c1) receiving a load done message at the new table copy; (c2) starting a spill agent thread at the new table copy; (c3) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the new table copy to “load finishing”; and (c4) processing the changes stored in the at least one spill queue by the spill agent thread.
 26. The medium of claim 25, wherein for an internal data load, a thread used to load the data is reused as the spill agent thread.
 27. The medium of claim 25, wherein the processing (c4) comprises: (c4ii) re-executing the changes to a same row at the new table copy in a same order as at the source table copy; (c4ii) identifying and resolving dependencies between the changes to the same row; and (c4iii)detecting and resolving conflicts between the changes to the same row.
 28. The medium of claim 27, wherein the re-executing (c4i) comprises: (c4iA) deleting the re-executed change from the spill storage area in a same transaction as the re-execution.
 29. The medium of claim 28, wherein the deleting (dc4 iA) is performed with a two-phase commit protocol.
 30. The medium of claim 28, wherein the deleting (dc4 iA) comprises: (c4iA(I)) storing a message identifier for the re-executed change at the new table copy, wherein upon a restart of the data load at the new table copy, only changes from the spill storage area without a corresponding stored message identifier are applied to the new table copy.
 31. The medium of claim 27, wherein the detecting and resolving (c4iii) comprises: (c4iiiA) ignoring a change to a row not found in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting row delete; (c4iiiB) ignoring a change to a row not found in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting row update; (c4iiiC) ignoring a change to a row in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting row insert; and (c4iiiD) ignoring a change to an old row not found or a new row found in the new table copy when re-executing a conflicting key update.
 32. The medium of claim 27, wherein the detecting and resolving (c4iii) comprises: (c4iiiA) ignoring a missing row in the new table copy when re-executing a row delete; (c4iiiB) transforming a re-execution of an update into a row insert when a row in the new table copy is missing; and (c4iiiC) transforming a re-execution of an insert into an update when a row in the new table copy already exists.
 33. The medium of claim 37, wherein the removing (ed) comprises: (d1) sending a spill queue empty message by a spill agent thread at the new table copy when the spill agent thread reaches a last change on the spill storage area; (d2) determining by a browser thread at the new table copy that an oldest running transaction at the new table copy is older than a most recent transaction when a load done message was received at the source table copy; (d3) sending a spill final message from the browser thread to the spill agent thread; and (d4) deleting the storage area by the spill agent thread.
 34. The medium of claim 33, wherein the removing (ed) further comprises: (d5) sending a spill done message by the spill agent thread to the browser thread; (d6) terminating the spill agent thread; (d7) receiving the spill done message by the browser thread; and (d8) changing a state of a new table copy subscription at the new table copy to “active”.
 35. A system, comprising: at least one active table copy in an asynchronous replication group, wherein the at least one active table copy comprises a source table copy; a new table copy; and a spill storage area at the new table copy, wherein the spill storage area is created after the data load is initiated, wherein the data is loaded from the source table copy to the new table copy, wherein changes are applied to the at least one active table copy during the loading of the data, wherein changes for the new table copy are stored in the spill storage area during the loading of the data, and wherein the changes in the spill storage area are applied to the new table copy after the loading of the data is done.
 36. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) removing the spill storage area after the changes in the spill storage area have been applied to the new table copy.
 37. The method of claim 18, further comprising: (d) removing the spill storage area after the changes in the spill storage area have been applied to the new table copy. 